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Water Usage In Pharmaceuticals
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In the pharmaceutical industry water is used for preparing culture media making up aqueous solutions and for cleaning containers tools and machines. Therefore the required degree of water purity varies from application to application. For example whenever ion free pyrogen free water is needed as in intravenous solutions distilled water will meet the requirement. In order to meet the purity standards early on for some solutions double distillation was sometimes necessary. Today newer stills have the ability to provide ion free pyrogen free water with only one distillation process. |
Sometimes ultraviolet light is used within purified water systems to maintain sterility while the water is stored. However uv radiation has not had noticeable impact in systems with a wide range flow impact.
When demineralized water is required an ion exchange system is used to produce the demineralized water. It should be noted though that water purified by this method is not bacteria free. Therefore the equipment must be treated regularly with chloramine provided special sub micron filters are not inserted before the exchange units.
The pharmaceutical industry does have a normal level of purity for its water. For distilled water it is 0.5 megohm-cm at 25oC. For demineralized water via ion exchange it is 2 to 5 megohm-cm.
Primer: Water Use In Research And Medicine
Water The Cleansing Agent
Water Use In Tissue Cell Culture
Water Usage In Pharmaceuticals
Pyrogens In Research And Medicine
Water Use In Blood Fractionation
Water Use In Cryobiology
General Use of Water in Research and Medicine
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